Types of Hajj
The Hajj, one of Islam’s five pillars, is a profound spiritual journey rooted in Quranic commandments and Prophetic traditions. Below is an analysis of its three types (Tamattu’, Ifrad, and Qiran), supported by Quranic verses, authentic Hadith, and relevant supplications (duas).
1. Hajj al-Tamattu’ (Combined Pilgrimage with a Break)
Definition: Performing Umrah first (during Hajj months), exiting Ihram, and then entering Ihram again for Hajj.
Quranic Basis:
- Obligation of Hajj:﴿وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا﴾
“Pilgrimage to the House is a duty owed to Allah by those who can afford a way to it.”
(Quran 3:97) - Legitimacy of Tamattu’:﴿فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ﴾
“Whoever performs Umrah [during the Hajj months] and follows it with Hajj [Tamattu’] must offer a sacrifice of whatever animal is available.”
(Quran 2:196)
Hadith:
- Prophet’s Recommendation:“The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‘Perform Hajj and Umrah, for they remove poverty and sins as the bellows remove impurities from iron.’”
(Sunan Ibn Majah 2887) - Instructions for Tamattu’:“The Prophet (ﷺ) commanded his Companions to exit Ihram after Umrah [in Tamattu’] and said: ‘If I had not brought the Hady (sacrificial animal), I would have exited Ihram.’”
(Sahih Bukhari 1562)
Key Duas:
- Intention (Niyyah) for Umrah in Tamattu’:“لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ عُمْرَةً وَحَجًّا”
“Labbayk Allahumma ‘Umratan wa Hajjan”
(O Allah, here I am for Umrah and Hajj). - Supplication at Arafat:“لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ”
“La ilaha illa Allahu wahdahu la sharika lah, lahul-mulku wa lahul-hamd, wa huwa ‘ala kulli shayin qadir.”
(There is no god but Allah alone, with no partner. To Him belongs the dominion and praise, and He is over all things competent).
2. Hajj al-Ifrad (Isolated Hajj)
Definition: Performing Hajj alone without combining it with Umrah.
Quranic Basis:
- The Quran emphasizes Hajj as a standalone obligation:﴿وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ﴾
“Complete Hajj and Umrah for Allah.”
(Quran 2:196)
Hadith:
- Prophet’s Permission for Ifrad:“Aisha (رضي الله عنها) said: ‘We set out with the Prophet (ﷺ) for Hajj. Some of us entered Ihram for Hajj, others for Umrah, and others for both. The Prophet (ﷺ) entered Ihram for Hajj [Ifrad].’”
(Sahih Muslim 1211)
Key Duas:
- Intention for Ifrad:“لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ حَجًّا”
“Labbayk Allahumma Hajjan”
(O Allah, here I am for Hajj). - Supplication During Tawaf:“رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ”
“Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan wa fil-akhirati hasanatan wa qina ‘adhaban-nar.”
(Our Lord, give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and save us from the punishment of the Fire).
(Quran 2:201)
3. Hajj al-Qiran (Combined Pilgrimage)
Definition: Combining Umrah and Hajj in a single Ihram without a break.
Quranic Basis:
- Combining Hajj and Umrah:﴿فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ﴾
“Whoever combines Umrah with Hajj [Qiran] must offer a sacrifice.”
(Quran 2:196)
Hadith:
- Prophet’s Practice of Qiran:“The Prophet (ﷺ) performed Qiran [combining Hajj and Umrah] during the Farewell Hajj. He said: ‘I have entered Ihram for Hajj and Umrah together.’”
(Sahih Muslim 1218)
Key Duas:
- Intention for Qiran:“لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ عُمْرَةً وَحَجًّا”
“Labbayk Allahumma ‘Umratan wa Hajjan”
(O Allah, here I am for Umrah and Hajj). - Supplication at Safa and Marwah (Sa’i):“رَبِّ اغْفِرْ وَارْحَمْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْأَعَزُّ الْأَكْرَمُ”
“Rabbighfir warham, innaka antal-a’azzul-akram.”
(O Lord, forgive and have mercy, for You are the Most Mighty, the Most Noble).
General Duas and Practices for All Hajj Types
- Talbiyah (Universal Supplication in Ihram):“لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ، لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ، إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ وَالْمُلْكَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ”
“Labbayk Allahumma labbayk, labbayka la sharika laka labbayk, innal-hamda wan-ni’mata laka wal-mulk, la sharika lak.”
(Here I am, O Allah, here I am. Here I am, You have no partner, here I am. Verily, all praise and blessings are Yours, and all sovereignty. You have no partner). - Dua at Muzdalifah:“اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ فِي قَلْبِي نُورًا، وَفِي سَمْعِي نُورًا، وَفِي بَصَرِي نُورًا”
“Allahumma ij’al fi qalbi nooran, wa fi sam’i nooran, wa fi basari nooran.”
(O Allah, place light in my heart, light in my hearing, and light in my sight).